ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืคืกืคืก ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ – ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืœืื”

ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืจืชืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื – ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืชื•ืกืก ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ืคืืจืงื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช. ืขื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข.

ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื”ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืžืฉืžืจ

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืขื•ื ื• ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืฆ'ืืจืœืก ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื”ื, ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืก ืžื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื”ื ื‘-1703, ื”ืคืš ืœืืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืœื›ื” ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืžืจืคืกืช ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื ื•ืคืคืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.

ืื ืชื–ืžื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘. ื”ื˜ืงืก ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™, ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืขื” 11:00 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ (ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื). ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™, ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื, ืžืกืคืง ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช.

ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืœืš ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“, ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื”ื ื ืคืชื— ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืœื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ

ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ – ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื

ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื ืื•ืกืฃ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืจืืฉื™ืชื” ื•ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื”ื•ืงื ื‘-1753, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืœื™ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ืก.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ: ืื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื–ื˜ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืคืขื ื•ื— ื”ื”ื™ืจื•ื’ืœื™ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื; ืคืกืœื™ ื”ืคืจืชื ื•ืŸ ืžืืชื•ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”; ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘; ื•ื”ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืืฉื•ืจื™ ืขื ืชื‘ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืคืœ.

ืขืฆื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืช "ืœื‘ืœื•ืข" ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืื—ื“. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื’ืคื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ื. ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืข ื’ื ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™.

ื˜ืื•ืืจ ืื•ืฃ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ – ืžื‘ืฆืจ, ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืœื

ืžื‘ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ืื•ืืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื•ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื’ื“ื•ืช. ื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื•ืจืžื ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 1066, ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™, ืžื‘ืฆืจ, ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจ ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ืจืžื™-ืžืขืœื”, ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช.

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื›ืชืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืชืจ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘-2,868 ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ ื™ืงืจื•ืช. ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ (White Tower) ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื ืฉืง ื•ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”.

ืื—ืช ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืื•ืืจ. ืœืคื™ ืื’ื“ื” ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืื ื”ืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืื•ืืจ, ื”ืžืžืœื›ื” ืชื™ืคื•ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื—ื, ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ "ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื" ื”ืจืฉืžื™.

ืคืืจืง ื”ื™ื™ื“ืคืืจืง ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื

ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืกื•ืื ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื“ืคืืจืง ืžืฆื™ืข ืžืคืœื˜ ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืข. ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืืจืงื™ื ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืชืจืข ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-140 ื”ืงื˜ืจื™ื. ื‘ืคืืจืง ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื’ื ื”ืกืจืคื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘"ืคื™ื ืช ื”ื ื•ืืžื™ื" (Speakers' Corner).

ืงื ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื’ืืจื“ื ืก, ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื™ื“ืคืืจืง, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื ืคืœื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ, ืขื ื”ืคืกืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืคืŸ ื•ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืงื ื–ื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื“ื™ืื ื” ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.

ืจื’'ื ื˜ืก ืคืืจืง, ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืžืฆื™ืข ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขื ื’ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื, ืื’ื ื•ืชืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื’ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ "ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืคืชื•ื—".

ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ – ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื ืง ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘

ืื—ืช ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื• ื”ืจืฉืžื™ "London Eye". ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืขื ืง ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘-2000, ืžืชื ืฉื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ 135 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืคื ื•ืจืžื™ืช ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืขื“ 40 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.

ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›-30 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜, ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื’ ื‘ืŸ, ื’ืฉืจ ื˜ืื•ืืจ, ืงืชื“ืจืœืช ืกื ื˜ ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื. ื›ื“ืื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชื–ืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืœืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช.

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ

ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืžื“ืข

ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ื, ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ืกืง, ืžืื›ืœืก ืื•ืกืฃ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืขื ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืขื ื“ื’ื ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™ (ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื), ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืจืชืง ื”ื–ื”.

ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ื• ื ืžืฆื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข, ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจืชืงืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ื•ืงื™ืกืœืช, ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืžื“ืข ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื.

ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื”ืกืžื•ืš, ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื” ื•ืœืžื™ื“ื”.

ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืงื•ื‘ื ื˜ ื’ืืจื“ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื ื“ื•ื ื™ืช

ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืช. ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืžืฆื™ืข ื›-300 ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืงื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืœืคืจื™ื“ื’'ืก ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจื™ื’'ื ื˜ ื”ืกืžื•ืš, ืขื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.

ืงื•ื‘ื ื˜ ื’ืืจื“ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™, ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื”ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืจื—ื•ื‘, ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช – ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืœืืช ืื•ืคื™. ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืงืคื” ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืืžื ื™ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื.

ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื•ืจื• (Borough Market) ืœื™ื“ ื’ืฉืจ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืขื ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื•ืง ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ืœ ืžืฆื™ืข ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’' ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืื•.

ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื–ืžืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื ื“

ื”ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื ื“ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ืชื™ืื˜ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื–ืžืจ, ื“ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื. ืž"ื”ืืจื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš" ื•"ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื“ืช ืœืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื" ื”ืืœืžื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื’ืชื” ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ (ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืจืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื), ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืงื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ – ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื›ืœ ื˜ืขื.

ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืกืคืก. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืœืžื•ืคืขื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื, ืืš ืื ืืชื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื–ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื›ื ื™ TKTS ื‘ืœืกื˜ืจ ืกืงื•ื•ืจ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื.

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืขื ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข. ื”ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืกื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื, ืคืืจืงื™ื, ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืœื™ืœื”, ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื”.

ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช London Pass ืื• Oyster Card ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ืจ.

ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืกื™ื, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืจืชืง ื•ืœื”ืงืกื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”. ืื– ืืจื–ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื” (ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ), ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉื›ื—ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื” ืžืคืกื™ืงื” ืœื”ืคืชื™ืข.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ื’ื
ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื’ืฉื•ืžื”
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื’ืฉื•ืžื” – ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืกืคืก

ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื”ื’ืฉื ื“ื•ืคืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืืช ืœื’ื™ื ื” ืื• ืœืคืืจืง ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืจื—ืคืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ: ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื

ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืœืืŸ ื˜ืกื™ื ื”ืฉื ื”? ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื”

ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืง ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืกืกืช, ื ื•ืคื™ื

ื—ื•ืคืฉืช-ืกื•ืฃ-ืฉื‘ื•ืข-ื˜ื™ืกื”-ืงืฆืจื”
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื” – ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื˜ื™ืกื” ืงืฆืจื”

ื”ืฉื’ืจื”, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืฉื—ื•ืง. ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื’ืžืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื

ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” – ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืขืฉื™

ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ื—ื•ืง ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื˜ื™ืกื” ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื”, ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,

ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช – ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื, ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืงื”. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช, ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืžื™

ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคืชื™ืขื™ื – 5 ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื

ื—ืœื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืคื ื˜ื–ื™ื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื•ื™ืงืจื”. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืจื™ื–, ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืžื ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืจื•ืงืŸ ืืช

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜ ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜ ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช

ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜, ื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ืขื“ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื•ื’ื•ืช. ืขื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœ
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ? ื›ืš ืชืชื›ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื

ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•

ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ
ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช

ื˜ืกื™ื? ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ

ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช, ืืš ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ื˜ืกื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืืกื™ื”